Fish and Wildlife

Helping to ensure the enduring vitality of our fish and wildlife populations is core to the work of the MBNEP and our partners. Fish and wildlife are valued along the Alabama coast for their economic, recreational, and dietary importance to residents and visitors. Our waters have traditionally provided a wide variety of important fish and shellfish species. However, reduced catches in recent years highlight the need to understand human impacts on fish populations and their role as ecosystem health indicators.

Efforts focus on determining the status and trends of estuarine species and identifying ecological change indicators. For instance, partnerships like the Dauphin Island Sea Lab’s Manatee Sighting Network help monitor endangered species like manatees, aiding in predicting ecosystem responses to environmental changes.

The health of fish populations is closely linked to their habitats, such as seagrass beds, which have declined significantly. Restoration efforts depend on improving upstream water quality, demonstrating the interconnection between fish, habitat, and water quality.

Birds play a crucial role in the coastal ecosystem of Alabama. They serve as both indicators of environmental health and as vital participants in the ecological web. Birdwatching also brings significant economic benefits to the region, attracting tourists and fostering a deep appreciation for wildlife conservation. Birds contribute to pest control, pollination, and seed dispersal, making them indispensable to maintaining ecological balance. Protecting bird habitats ensures the preservation of biodiversity and the overall health of coastal environments.

Hunting is a long-standing tradition in coastal Alabama, providing not only recreational opportunities but also contributing to wildlife management and conservation efforts. Responsible hunting practices help control animal populations, ensuring they do not exceed the carrying capacity of their habitats. This management is vital for preventing overgrazing and maintaining the health of ecosystems. Moreover, hunting generates substantial economic benefits through the sale of licenses, gear, and tourism, supporting local communities and conservation initiatives. The cultural components of hunting in coastal Alabama are deeply rooted, with many families passing down hunting traditions through generations. It is a time-honored practice that brings families together, fostering a sense of community and shared responsibility for the land and wildlife.

Invasive species pose a significant threat to the coastal ecosystems of Alabama. Non-native plants and animals can disrupt local food webs, outcompete native species, and degrade habitats. These changes can have cascading effects on fish, wildlife, and human activities. Efforts to combat invasive species include monitoring, early detection, and rapid response to new invasions. Public awareness and involvement are crucial in preventing the spread of invasive species and protecting the region's biodiversity. Addressing this issue is essential for maintaining the health and resilience of coastal ecosystems and ensuring the continued vitality of Alabama's fish and wildlife populations.